Diaper Sewing 101

Cloth Diaper Sewing

Ever looked at cloth diapers and thought, ‘wow, that’s such a great idea…. but they’re so expensive!’ ?  While using cloth diapers is less expensive than using disposables, it does involve an upfront cost which can be intimidating (though worth it in the end!)  One way I’ve found to decrease the cost of cloth diapering is to make my own diapers.  Not only does it cost less, it has also allowed me to make exactly what I want, exactly the way I want it.  My hand-sewn diapers are more economical, trimmer fitting, more absorbent, and cuter than diapers I purchased before I learned how to sew my own.

Any type of diaper that can be commercially bought can also be sewn at home.  If you’re good at reading directions and willing to give sewing a try, cloth diaper sewing can be an affordable way save even more on diapering your little one!

This cloth diaper sewing primer will walk you through the basics of diaper sewing, including the types of diapers you can make, what types of fabrics you should use, which patterns to use, where to buy materials, and more!  It does not cover the basics of sewing, but if you need help with those I do have some resources to recommend. 

Let’s get sewing!

Cloth Diapering 101

The first thing you will need to do if you want to sew your own diapers is gain an understanding of cloth diapers in general.  There are a number of excellent resources that explain the ins and outs of cloth diapering, and I’ve listed some here.

Locally (in the Fort Wayne area), we have a couple of resources for getting to know cloth diapering basics:

• Birth Matters, an education center for families from pre-pregnancy through toddlerhood, offers cloth diapering classes once each quarter.  This is the only place you can go locally to see and touch the different types of diapers in person.  I highly recommend them:  http://www.birthmatters.com/
• Sprouts Baby Wear, a local cloth diaper distributer, has a nice cloth diapering summary on their webpage which describes the different types of diapers available.  If you’re considering purchasing commercially made cloth diapers, I recommend ordering from them.  Here is a link to their diaper description page: http://www.sproutsbabywear.com/budding-out

There are a number of sites on the web that contain information about cloth diapering as well.  A few of them are:

• http://allaboutclothdiapers.com/new-to-cloth-diapers/cloth-diaper-systems/
• http://www.pinstripesandpolkadots.com/ComparisonofDiaperingTypes.htm
• http://www.kellyscloset.com/Cloth-Diaper-Information_ep_34-1.html

Now On to the Sewing!

When I first started sewing cloth diapers and diapering accessories, the most intimidating things for me to figure out were 1.which fabrics and materials to use (and how many layers!); and 2.which patterns or tutorials to use.  The remainder of this primer will help you figure out those two key issues, as well as provide some additional resources.

Cloth Diapering Materials and Fabrics

This section will be a run-down of what types of materials are out there, and what they’re used for.

Absorbent Fabrics

Just like it sounds; absorbent fabrics absorb liquid.  As a general rule, natural fibers absorb well.  Some synthetic fibers are designed to be absorbent, but most are not.  Absorbent fabrics are used to make prefolds, fitted diapers, the insert portion of pocket diapers, and the soakers of AIOS and AI2s.

Wicking Fabrics

Wicking fabrics do not absorb liquid.  Instead, they allow liquid to pass through them and ‘wick’ onto other fabrics.  Most wicking fabrics are 100% polyester.  Wicking fabrics are used as the innermost layer on pocket diapers, which is what keeps baby feeling dry.  Wicking fabrics can also be (but are not always) used as innermost layers on fitteds, AIOs, and AI2s, and diaper covers.

Waterproof/Water Resistant Fabrics

Waterproof or water resistant fabrics are used for diaper covers and for the outermost layers of pocket diapers, AIOs and AI2s.  This is what keeps baby’s clothes from getting soiled. 

Closures

This is what keeps the diaper closed and on the baby.  Most often they are snaps or hook and loop tape (like Velcro).

Elastic

Most diapers utilize elastic around the legs and back, with the obvious exception of prefolds.  Polybraid or lastin elastics are popular for this.  Fold Over Elastic (FOE) can be used to bind diaper covers.

Needles & Thread

• Cotton thread can be used for Prefolds, Fitteds, or any diaper not featuring a waterproof fabric.  For pocket diapers and others using waterproof fabrics, use polyester or nylon thread to prevent wicking.
• When sewing through PUL, it is recommended to use a small sized ball point needle in order to prevent sewing holes that can cause wicking.

Where To Purchase Materials

Local fabric stores carry many of the supplies needed for cloth diapering.  Both JoAnn Fabrics and Hancock Fabrics now carry PUL, the most commonly used waterproof diaper fabric (it is with the utility fabrics), and nearly all fabric stores carry some sort of absorbent cotton materials and some sort of wicking fabrics.

There are, however, some specific diaper fabrics and supplies that cannot be purchased locally at this time.  Online diaper fabric and supply retailers include:

• Diaper Sewing Supplies: www.diapersewingsupplies.com
• Very Baby: www.verybaby.com
• Celtic Cloths: www.celticclothswholesale.com
• Fabric Dot Com: www.fabric.com
• Kids In The Garden: www.kidsinthegarden.com
• Sewzanne’s: www.sewzannesfabrics.com
• Diaper Fabric Station: http://diaperfabricstation.com/
• Wazoodle: http://wazoodle.com/
• Zoodad’s: http://www.zoodads.com/
• Kamsnaps: http://kamsnaps.com/

Diapers can also be made out of upcycled materials from around your house or thrift stores.  Old flannel sheets, t-shirts, and even wool sweaters can be re-purposed for diaper use.  Just check the fiber composition and determine whether it’s absorbent, wicking, or water resistant.

A Few Quick Notes:

• Always, always, always wash fabrics prior to sewing with the same wash routine you would use for your diapers.  This will prevent shrinkage once the diaper is sewn and will help to increase absorbency.  If you’re using upcycled materials, you may want to wash multiple times to eliminate detergent residue buildup.
• Many absorbent fabric types can be made from cotton, hemp, or bamboo.  Bamboo is the most absorbent, hemp is next, and cotton is the least absorbent.

The following cheat sheets outline a number of popular diaper materials, which fabrics and materials fall into which material category, as well as which materials you’ll need for each type of diaper or diapering accessory you might want to sew.

	Absorbent	# of layers for soaker	Wicking	Waterproof	Closure	Elastic	Available locally	Notes
Flannel (cotton)	X	8					X
Microfiber	X	3						Synthetic fabric designed to absorb, must have another layer of fabric between microfiber and the baby’s skin as it will dry skin out.
Zorb	X	2						Must be sandwiched between other fabrics
Zorb II	X	2						Can be sewed on its own
Birdseye	X	8					X	Often used for prefolds or flats
Terrycloth/French terry	X	4					X	Same fabrics typically used to make towels or bathrobes
Sherpa	X	4
Velour	X	*					X	Cotton velour available locally, hemp & bamboo velour available online *Typically used for inners/outers, not soakers
Cotton knits/ interlock/jersey	X	*					X	* Typically used for inners/outers, not soakers
Microfleece			X
Suedecloth			X				X
Panne Velour (Crushed Panne)			X				X
Minky			X				X
Polyurethane laminate (PUL)				X			X
Wool				X			X	Must be felted and lanolized for water-resistant properties, not for use in pockets, AIO’s or AI2s
KAM Snaps					X			Size 20 plastic snaps most frequently used for diapers
Hook & Loop (Aplix or Touch Tape)					X			Like Velcro, but Aplix & Touch Tape are higher quality
Snappi					X			Used for prefolds
Polybraid						X	X	Can be tacked down at each end and cased
Lastin						X		Must be sewn down throughout length of elastic
Fold Over Elastic						X		Used to bind diaper covers

Diaper Types & Material Requirements ~ Cheat Sheet
	Absorbent Fabrics	Wicking Fabrics	Waterproof Fabrics	Closures	Elastic	Notes
Prefolds	X					No closure attached to the prefold, but snappis can be used to secure them
Quick Snap Flap Wrap	X			X
Fitteds	X			X	X
Pocket Diapers (shells + inserts)	X	X	X	X	X
All-In-One / All-In-Two	X	X	X	X	X
Diaper Covers		optional	X	X	X
Wetbags			X	X		Closure is typically a zipper
Training Pants	X		optional	optional	optional

 

 

Patterns & Tutorials

Now that we’ve covered diaper materials, I’m going to go through each type of diaper and give my recommendations for patterns and tutorials

Prefolds

• Very Baby free tutorial on how to make prefolds the way they are commercially made: http://verybaby.com/tutorials/sew-a-prefold-diaper-the-real-way/
• Free shortcut instructions for making prefolds: http://diapersewing.wordpress.com/2006/12/08/diy-prefold-diapers/

Quick Snap Flap Wrap

The Quick Snap Flap Wrap is not a commercially sold type of diaper, but is popular among work-at-home diaper sellers on sites such as Hyena Cart or Etsy.  It is easier to use than a prefold, is very quick and easy to sew, and has a very fast dry time.

There are 2 free versions:

http://jayejaye.freeyellow.com/diapers/sns/QSFWpatts.pdf

http://jayejaye.freeyellow.com/diapers/sns/SWQSFWpatt.pdf

Wetbags

• Dilley Dally Diapers Wetbag Tutorial: http://dilleydally.blogspot.com/2009/03/wetbag-tutorial.html
• Little Birdie Secrets Wetbag Tutorial: http://littlebirdiesecrets.blogspot.com/2009/05/wet-bag-tutorial.html

Cloth Training Pants

• Wee Weka Knickers (3 links for pull up style and sized snap style): http://www.thenappynetwork.org.nz/images/WeeWeka_Knickers.pdf  http://www.thenappynetwork.org.nz/images/WeeWeka_SMSideSnap.pdf http://www.thenappynetwork.org.nz/images/WeeWeka_MLSideSnap.pdf
• Tinkle Time Trainer: http://www.ladderhilldesign.com/index.php?page=shop.product_details&flypage=vmj_estore.tpl&product_id=10&category_id=2&option=com_virtuemart&Itemid=1
• Trimsies Trainer: http://www.trimsies.com/shop.shtml     

Fitteds/Pockets/AIOS/AI2s/Diaper Covers

Most patterns for pocket diapers can also be used to create fitted diapers, AIOs/AI2s, and Diaper covers.  There are so many of these, and they are so diverse, that I have put them into a table for easy identification

Pattern Name	Where to find	Free Pattern	Fitted	Pocket	AIO/ AI2	Cover	Notes
Darling Diapers Unlimited	http://www.darlingdiapers.com/shop.html		X	X	X	X	Extremely detailed with a variety of closure and style options.  I highly recommend this pattern for the beginning sewer.
La-Di-Da	http://www.ladidadiapers.com/?page_id=2		X	X	X	X
Hippy Hippy Snap	http://hyenacart.com/onestore.php?vid=1224&category=4		X	X	X	X
Fattycakes	http://hyenacart.com/prod_details.php?id=92348&vid=752		X	X	X	X
Little Comet Tails	http://hyenacart.com/LittleCometTails/index.php?c=9		X	X	X	X
Trimsies	http://www.trimsies.com/		X	X	X	X
Je M’appelle	http://jmorganics.com/index_files/JMPNappyPattern.htm		X	X	X	X	One size buttonhole elastic instructions, S hook closure option (both are unique to this pattern, as far as I know)
Nykibaby One size	http://hyenacart.com/NykiBaby/index.php?c=11&p=53970		X	X	X	X
Nykibaby Butterfly	http://hyenacart.com/NykiBaby/mt/2272/28493/NykiBaby-Butterfly-Fitted-Diaper-PDF-Pattern		X				Fold-in wing soakers; easy sew
Rita’s Rump Pocket Fitted	http://handmadebyrita.blogspot.com/2007/10/classic-rrp-ritas-rump-pocket-pattern.html	X	X
Rita’s Rump Cover Pattern	http://handmadebyrita.blogspot.com/2007/10/httpwww.html	X				X	Fits over RRP fitteds
Cloth Revolution	http://themafiatutu.blogspot.com/2010/04/free-cloth-diaper-pattern.html	X	X	X	X	X
Katrina’s Quick Sew Soaker	http://katrinassqs.blogspot.com/2007/10/free-soaker-pattern.html	X				X	Wool pull-on cover

For additional diaper sewing resources, please visit: www.makelaughlove.com or feel free to message me via facebook or my blog.

Baby Miles: A Birth Story

Baby is here!  The following birth story contains all the gory details, so proceed at your own risk.  Here goes:

I am pleased to announce the arrival of

Miles Daniel

Born on November 12, 2011 at 10:20 am.

8lbs, 6oz

21.5 inches long

I had begun having random bouts of regular contractions for periods of time in the weeks before my due date.  I was a little surprised when my due date came and went and I was still pregnant, but I had been feeling pretty good and decided to use the extra time to get things done around the house and relax with Norah. 

I had a routine appointment with my midwife on November 10, where my blood pressure was very high (something like 150 over 97).  Lying on my side for awhile didn’t help it to go down at all, and then it also turned out that there was protein in my urine that day.  These symptoms together usually mean pre-eclampsia, so I was very upset.  Pre-eclampsia often means immediate induction of labor, which I really did not want to do, and would also risk me out of being able to birth at the birthing center, which we had been planning on.  I had bloodwork drawn and went home with an appointment scheduled for the next day.

At that point, I was hopeful that I might go into labor that night and that I might be able to get my blood pressure low enough to still use the birth center if I could get into the tub they had there (immersion in water often lowers blood pressure, at least temporarily).  I was post dates, had been having contractions on and off for awhile, and had my membranes stripped at my appointment, so I thought it was at least possible.  I went and met with a friend for awhile that evening, went to the store and got black cohosh to take to hopefully help me go into labor, got some additional herbs for blood pressure help, and went home to, erm, spend some time with D.  We went to bed around 1 am and I was having pretty good contractions every 8-9 minutes.

 I woke up about 4:00 am not in labor at all and I was very disappointed.  I started having some contractions around 4:45 am that got to about 5 minutes apart, and that lasted until about 7:00, when they slowed down.  I continued having contractions anywhere from 7-10 minutes apart until about 1:00 that afternoon when they more or less stopped.  By 2:30, I needed to leave home for my appointment with my midwife.  I decided to take everything I had packed for the birth, knowing that it was unlikely that I wouldn’t be diagnosed with pre-eclampsia, and that if I were diagnosed I would likely be admitted to the hospital immediately.  Norah went home with my mom, and D and I headed to Auburn for the appointment.

At my appointment I found that my blood pressure was even higher than the previous day, I had more protein in my urine than the previous day, and the bloodwork from the previous day didn’t look good.  I was diagnosed with mild pre-eclampsia and sent up to registration at DeKalb Health.  I was admitted and placed on blood pressure medication.  Later in the evening I was given ¼ tablet of cytotec to start the labor induction.  The plan was to receive 4 doses of cytotec, 3 hours apart and hope that it would cause me to go into labor.  If the cytotec did not work, then I would need pitocin, which would require me to have an IV and additional monitoring, which I really did not want.  As it was I already had to have a fetal monitor on, which was really getting on my nerves.  It kept losing the baby and having to be adjusted, and it made it uncomfortable to try and sleep.

During the night I felt very frustrated at being at the hospital and everything that had happened.  Here we had planned to birth at the birthing center where I don’t think they even have a fetal monitor belt, and where we could do pretty whatever we wanted regarding our birth.  Now I was hooked up to a machine and had to tell someone whenever I needed to pee, waiting for a pill to kick in so I could have my baby.  I was not impressed. 

We had also planned for Norah to be able to be with us at the birthing center, which had toys for her to play with, cozy rooms for her to hang out wherever she wanted to, etc.  Being at the hospital would make that much more difficult since there was really nowhere to go if she didn’t want to be right in the room with us, and since it really wasn’t cozy at all.  As it turned out, the labor happened too quickly for us to even call for her to be brought up to the hospital, and that’s something I feel really sad about.  I don’t like the way our family was split up for so much of the time we spent at the hospital and I really wish we had been able to use the birthing center like we had originally planned.

I received the final dose of cytotec around 6:30 am, and at some point started having a few contractions.  They weren’t really catching my attention much because they weren’t very painful – I’d been having worse ones at home – so I didn’t pay much attention to them.  About 8:45 the contractions started to get more intense and started coming much closer together.  I felt like labor was getting underway, which was great – no pitocin, and so far no annoying IV! 

I was surprised how the contractions were all of the sudden pretty difficult, and had D call my sister Michelle and tell her she should head up to the hospital as I felt I would need support from both of them very soon.  The nurse taking care of me came in while I was having a contraction and told me that Stephanie (my midwife) would be there in about an hour to hour and a half and asked if I wanted her to come sooner.  I said I did, so she called her and asked her to come right away.  My plan was to wait for my sister and midwife to arrive, then to get checked and see how I was progressing.  Then based on that, I would decide when to call my friend Carissa to come to the hospital and my parents to ask them to bring Norah up.  Carissa had agreed to be with Norah during the birth and was still planning on helping us with that if Norah wanted to be present.  If not, she could take her to the waiting room or leave with her, depending on what she felt Norah needed.

By 9:00 I was getting very worried because the contractions were difficult for me to get through.  I knew that my previous labor had lasted around 19 hours and I didn’t see how I was going to get through 19 hours of these really intense contractions, especially if they got more difficult.  I didn’t remember them being so hard so early on with my previous labor and wondered if my perception of my labor with Norah was off.  Several times I asked D to talk me down because I was afraid I wouldn’t make it through the whole labor at that rate.  I kept saying, “I can’t do this for 12 more hours.  I can’t do this for 12 more hours,” and telling him I was afraid.  He did a great job helping me feel less afraid and getting through each contraction.  I wanted to ask for drugs, but I realized that no one here had my birth plan and they might actually bring me drugs, which wasn’t truly what I wanted.  It occurred to me that I sounded more like someone close to transition than early labor, but I thought it was because of the cytotec.  I was absolutely not going to let myself think that my labor could be short, because then if it wasn’t, I would never make it through. 

Very shortly I started feeling like I needed to pee.  I kept unplugging the fetal monitor (I needed it due to the cytotec and my blood pressure) and going into the bathroom to sit on the toilet, but I wasn’t getting any pee to come out, just a bunch of bloody show.  The nurse came in after a bit and asked me if perhaps what I felt was pressure from the baby.  I told her I had no idea, I just felt like I needed to pee.  She thought I should come out of the bathroom and get checked, so I did, and she said I was at 4-5.

By 9:45 or so I was having a very hard time not pushing with contractions.  I knew I wasn’t fully dialated, but I couldn’t figure out how to not push.  It just felt like that was what I needed to do.  At some point the nurse checked me and I was at 8 cm, which surprised me a lot since it had been such a short time since I was just at 4-5.

I’m not sure what time Stephanie arrived.  When she got there I was on hands and knees in the bed (which, actually, is how I spent large chunks of my labor with Norah, too), and she checked me.  I don’t think she said what I was at and I couldn’t pay attention enough to care.  I was feeling like if I could just get a 5 minute break from the contractions I could pull it together and get through the rest of them, but I just wasn’t getting a good break inbetween.  I was very overwhelmed.

Someone (Stephanie??) then suggested that I try lying on my side.  I did, and my leg kept getting a cramp in it, but it was working otherwise.  Very shortly I saw that Stephanie was putting on the delivery gloves and smock, and then nurses started putting pads underneath me.  This is when it hit me that I was going to have the baby very soon and that my labor was just going to be really short.  Apparently I really had been pushing the baby down all this time and he was close to being born.  Nothing had really changed about how my contractions felt or how I was handling them for some time, so I just kept pushing with them because that’s what I felt like.

Very soon after this somebody asked me if I wanted a mirror.  I almost said no because I was so focused on just getting through the labor, but I remembered that I had said no with my previous birth and then later wished that I had gotten one, so I said yes.  One of the nurses brought the mirror in and set it up so I could see the baby starting to crown.  Stephanie said, “Look, there’s your baby”, and I was like, “Oh, he’s really right there already?!?”.    She said that, yes, he was right there, and he was ready to be born. 

 Very soon after this she asked D if he wanted to come and catch the baby, so he went to help her while a nurse stayed with me to help me labor.  Michelle arrived a few minutes later and took over for the nurse.  Baby’s head was halfway out when she came into the room.  My water broke at some point while I was pushing out his head, but I don’t remember when.  I was able to see his head being born via the mirror they had set up, and that was pretty cool.

Pretty soon his head was out and Stephanie started unwrapping the cord from around his neck.  It seemed like she was doing this forever, and it turned out it had been wrapped 4 times, which surprised us all.  Once that was done it took a few more pushes to get his body out, and D put him onto my belly.  He was really blue, and even though I know babies often come out blue, for some reason this got me a little panicked, I think maybe because he was so still.  He was being rubbed down with towels on my belly and pretty soon he pinked up and moved around and I felt so much better.  I held him for awhile and I remember talking to him, but not what I said.  I was so happy and just overwhelmed with how perfect he was and how wonderful it was to have him earthside.  I was really thrilled to be so coherent and happy right at this moment because I had been so disoriented in the hour or so right after Norah’s  birth and I don’t feel like I got to have this sweet moment with her right away.

Pretty soon I delivered the placenta and tried to nurse the baby, but he wasn’t very interested.  Stephanie checked and found I had no tears or anything that needed repair, so that was good.  I had my sister call Carissa and I called my parents so that they and Norah could be the first ones to come and meet him.  I still feel really badly that Norah and Carissa missed the birth, but there’s no way we could have known he would be born so fast.

I stayed at the hospital for the full two days after the birth on account of my blood pressure not stabilizing very well.   At the moment I’m still taking some blood pressure medication, and I have to check in with Stephanie once a week until it gets back to normal.  She said this could take up to 6 weeks, although I’m feeling really good, so I’m hopeful that it won’t take that long.

I’m also working through my disappointment at not being able to birth at the birthing center.  I’m a bit surprised that I’m not more upset than I am, but I’m feeling ok about it.  I’m obviously bummed out that we didn’t get to have the birth center experience, and I really wish things had turned out differently.  The main things I’m upset about are not getting to have the spontaneous labor experience, having to use the fetal monitor the whole time, Norah and Carissa not being with us, and my family being so split up for the days I was at the hospital.

However, I understand why we couldn’t use the birth center and I am thankful that we had access to a hospital where we were able to birth without a lot of interventions and where the staff were supportive of the kind of birth we were trying to achieve.  I’m very thankful that Stephanie gave me options for induction that were gentler than typical hospital inductions (I found out later breaking my water would have been another option before resorting to pitocin) and that I was given as many choices along the way as possible.  I also realize that policies like the one that risked me out of the birth center are an integral part of what make birth centers safe options.  Pre-eclamptic people shouldn’t be birthing in places without access to continuous monitoring or emergency medical care.  By eliminating as many risks as possible, the birth center ensures that the people who do birth there are safe.

I don’t know why I developed pre-eclampsia.  I know that high blood pressure is common in my family, so I wonder if that is a factor.  Stephanie also wondered if the cord being wrapped up so many times may have contributed to my high blood pressure.  I wasn’t sure how that could be related, but she said if the cord had too much pressure on it or was constricted when baby was trying to drop, it could have restricted the amount of oxygen he was getting, and that my body may have compensated by pumping a lot of extra blood.  I don’t really know a lot about blood pressure or how oxygen makes its way through the cord, so I really have no idea.  Stephanie did say that she felt future pregnancies would be safe for me on account of not having had it in my first pregnancy and it developing so late in this one.  I’m not sure if we will have more children or not, but I’m glad that I have it as a safe option.

We are all home now and doing well.  I feel really good aside from minor soreness and general newborn-at-home tiredness.  Norah absolutely loves her little brother – the very first thing she did this morning was to find him and give him a kiss.  Dan is off work for the rest of this week, so we are spending some time together as a family of 4.  Overall, life is pretty good around here.